Interestingly, 1 maternal haplotype expressed HLA-B*49 molecules, which are recognized by anti–HLA-Bw4 antibodies, Genotyping confirmed the presence of the 3 HLA haplotypes in his blood cells ( Table 2 and Table 3). The HLA typing of the parents demonstrated that the common HLA haplotype was inherited from the father, whereas the 2 other haplotypes had a maternal origin. Serological HLA typing also revealed the presence of 2 lymphocyte populations, each expressing 1 different HLA haplotype, whereas the second HLA haplotype was common to all cells, making a total of 3Įxpressed HLA haplotypes.
HUMAN CHIMERA PERSON SKIN
6, 7 We report the case of a young patient in whom skin pigmentary abnormalities revealed chimerism. Most reported cases of tetragametic chimerism occurring in individuals without sexual ambiguity were detected when blood group screening revealed an unusual phenotype. Very exceptionally, chimerism can occur spontaneously,Īnd it is then the result from the amalgamation of 2 different zygotes in a single embryo, which leads to tetragametic chimerism. 1 Chimerism occurs, for example, after bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, microchimerism is defined by the presence within an individual of a low level of cells (about 1:500 000 cells) derived from a different individual, and it is thus different from chimerism. Such as pityriasis lichenoides or polymorphic eruptions of pregnancy,Īnd in autoimmune disorders, such as scleroderma. 1 Microchimerism occurs in healthy individuals,īut it can also be involved in the pathogenesis of some skin disorders, Maternal cells also pass into the fetus, where they can persist long after the birth of the child into adulthood, leading to maternal microchimerism. During pregnancy, fetal cells pass into the mother, where they persist for decades after the pregnancy, leading to fetal microchimerism. In medicine, the term chimera designates a person composed of 2 genetically distinct types of cells. She devastated Caria and Lycia until she was slain by Bellerophon. In Greek mythology, the chimera was a fire-breathing female monster resembling a lion in the forepart, a goat in the middle,Īnd a dragon behind.
He also had immune chimerism, which challenges our current comprehension of antigen presentation and tolerance. Which we suggest be termed cutis bicolor,Īs a result of 2 different genetic backgrounds. This boy displayed 2 normal shades of skin color, Interestingly, the ratio of XX to XY cells was expanded in the T-cell subset compared with other peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations.Ĭonclusions This is an exceptional case of human chimerism revealed by abnormal skin pigmentation. The characterization of the HLA haplotypes of the lymphocytes showed that the boy inherited 2 HLA haplotypes from his mother but only 1 from his father. The chimerism was confirmed by the analysis of the red blood cell antigens, which revealed the presence of 2 different populations. We found that his lymphocytes had a normal number of chromosomes, half of them being either 46,XX or 46,XY. Because this pattern of pigmentation might be related to mosaicism, we determined his karyotype. It was not possible to ascertain by means of clinical examination of the patient, his parents, and his brother which of the 2 shades was his normal skin color. He also had 2 lighter Blaschko-linear bands on the lower extremities and an indefinable mixture of lighter and darker skin on the back and the lateral part of the trunk.
HUMAN CHIMERA PERSON PATCH
On examination, we found a disorder of the skin pigmentation that was difficult to categorize there was a lighter-appearing skin patch in the median frontal area and also on one-half of the abdominal area, with a sharp midline demarcation. Observations The boy had no remarkable previous medical history, and he had normal intelligence and development. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy whose skin pigmentary abnormalities revealed chimerism. Shared Decision Making and Communicationīackground Chimerism, especially in the absence of sexual ambiguity, is extremely rare in humans.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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